Lipedema is a chronic, progressive disorder of adipose tissue that occurs almost exclusively in women . The condition has only recently been included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) of the World Health Organization as a separate clinical entity in the category “Certain noninflammatory disorders of subcutaneous fat,” code EF02.2. According to the ICD-11 description, “Lipoedema is characterized by non-pitting diffuse ‘fatty’ swelling, usually confined to the legs, thighs, hips and upper arms. Produced by The Batteries, the new technology has already been dubbed “a game changer” by the industry press, with the firm hoping to begin large-scale production once work on their “pilot factory” is finished. According to the findings of the investigators, cash from banks in Poland was paid out only by so-called trusted people.

In our study, quality of life was predicted by the severity of symptoms related to pain, heaviness, and swelling. Further analyses showed that depression severity mediated the relationship between symptom severity and quality of life. The higher the severity of symptoms such as fat tissue pain, leg heaviness, muscle stiffness, swelling, and muscle and joint pain, the higher the severity of depression, which leads to lower quality of life. This result points out a need to focus not only on physical but also psychological complaints when assessing the functioning of women with lipedema .

When swaths of youth took to the streets in 2020 to protest against the Law and Justice government over its abortion ban, analysts proclaimed a social revolution was emerging in the country. Led by young women, and with gender equality at its forefront, this generational rebellion showed that paternalist norms and prior political arrangements no longer matched the ways young people actually lived their lives.

• Young women in particular have increasingly been flocking to defense-related activities, such as Rifleman Associations or volunteer-defense programs in schools.
• And it is these on-the-ground sentiments which the illiberal right has effectively tapped.
• Poland’s government has failed to effectively implement previous ECtHR judgments concerning access to lawful abortion despite repeated calls and a March judgment by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe.
• Just as in the U.S., the battle in Poland over abortion “is a huge ideological war between a democratic side and a fundamentalist side that wants to keep the patriarchy in place, that resents the advances women have made,” Kacpura said.

Nowhere has this been more apparent than in citizens’ volunteer engagement in defense. The report analysis the evolution of the real total wage bill from 2019 to 2022 to show how its different components—employment, nominal wages and inflation—have changed during the COVID-19 crisis and, more recently, during the cost-of-living crisis. The decomposition of the total wage bill, and its evolution, is shown for all wage employees and distinguishes between women and men.

As Polish Women Flock Towards Volunteer Defense, the Left Remains Inept

Critics argued that Polish women were hesitant to have children for financial reasons as well as out of fear over abortion restrictions introduced by the PiS. Katarzyna Lubnauer, a lawmaker with the liberal Civic Coalition , called Kaczyński “out of touch” and said his comments were “nonsense insulting to women”. The end of the War and the occupations of Poland by an Oppressive Communist regime created an even greater need. Assistance was given https://thegirlcanwrite.net/polish-women/ to the Polish Veterans in Italy, the Polish Mission in Argentina, the Polish Library in Paris, and the Sikorski Institute in London.

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“The problem is that many Polish women cannot afford to travel to another country, and in the poorer parts of the country many don’t have access to the internet,” Kacpura said. Next, Kacpura and groups like hers forged alliances with feminist groups abroad so Polish women could safely consult legitimate doctors online and either schedule procedures or get prescriptions for the “morning-after pill,” which is then mailed to their homes. Kacpura helped organize the massive “Black Monday” street demonstrations across Poland six years ago, which forced the Law and Justice government to back off on plans to ban all abortions, even in cases of rape, which its allies in the powerful Roman Catholic Church had been pushing for.

The exact number of illegal abortions performed is unknown, but reproductive health organizations estimate the figure is between 10 to 100 times higher. The procedure was legalized in 1956, due in part to arguments that unsafe abortions were contributing to high maternal mortality rates. Abortion became widely available in public hospitals and private clinics and was subsidized by the government if performed at a government institution. However, in November, Jarosław Kaczyński – chairman of the ruling party – blamed Poland’s low fertility rate on excessive consumption of alcohol by young women. This state of affairs created pertinent gender gaps in defense-related knowledge and skills in Polish society. In 2014 the Public Opinion Research Centre reported that only 6 percent of women recalled undergoing military training and 22 percent training in civil defense . Since coming to power in 2015, the PiS has granted more support to defence-related activities, while funnelling them into state-led channels such as its flagship project—the Territorial Defence Forces, formed in 2016.

– Women, girls, and all pregnant people have faced extreme barriers to accessing legal abortions in the year since a Constitutional Tribunal ruling virtually banned legal abortion in Poland, 14 human rights organizations said today. Since the ruling, women human rights defenders have also faced an increasingly hostile and dangerous environment. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey that was completed by 98 women with lipedema. The participants responded to questionnaires regarding quality of life, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and depression symptom severity.

Thus far, lipedema has not been widely known among professionals in Western countries . A study on specialists from the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland showed that lipedema was recognized by only 46.2% . To the best of our knowledge, the level of knowledge in the Polish medical community has not yet been measured. The participants reported low quality of life and high severity of depressive symptoms. The more severe the symptoms related to pain, heaviness, and swelling, the lower the quality of life. Activists and women’s rights groups reported that the ruling had a significant chilling effect as people seeking abortions and medical professionals feared repercussions.

Polish women are taking to the streets again, having emerged as the right-wing government’s biggest critics and most vocal opponents. In 2020 Poland’s constitutional court ruled that abortion due to fetal defects was unconstitutional.

Several women’s rights defenders were detained or face what they describe as politically motivatedcriminal charges for actions during protests following the Constitutional Tribunal’s abortion ruling. Activists received multiple bomb and death threats in February and March for their support of reproductive rights but said that, in many cases, police minimized the security risks and either did not open investigations or failed to pursue them effectively. Police launched investigations and arrested one man in connection with online death threats to Lempart ahead of her planned appearance at a protest on October 11, and are now providing her protection at public events. Together with Malta, it is one of only two European Union Member States that has not legalized abortion on request or broad social grounds.